IPO Data - Jay R. Ritter

IPO Statistics for 2023 and Earlier Years
- IPOs 2023 Underpricing
- IPOs 2023 Tech Stock IPOs
- IPOs 2023 Life Science IPOs
- IPOs 2023 Age
- IPOs 2023 Dual Class
- IPOs 2023 SPACs
  - Review of Financial Studies paper on SPACs
- IPOs 2024 Direct Listings
  - Why Don’t Issuers Get Upset About Leaving Money on the Table in IPOs?
    Jay Ritter’s presentation made at the Direct Listing Conference in San Francisco on October 1, 2019.
- IPOs 2023 Price Revision
- IPOs 2023 Sales
- IPOs 2023 Underwriting
- IPOs 2023 Foreign
- IPOs 2022 Long run Returns
- IPOs 2023 Venture Capital
- IPOs 2023 Turnover Statistics
Founding dates for IPOs from 1975-2023 (updated December 29, 2023) as described in Appendix A of “Why Has IPO Underpricing Changed Over Time?” (co-authored with Tim Loughran).
A list of Rollup IPOs from 1980-2023 as described in “Growth Capital-backed IPOs,” Jay R. Ritter, December 2023.
A list of Venture Capital-backed IPOs (including 464 Growth Capital-backed IPOs from 1975-2023 as described in “Growth Capital-backed IPOs,” Jay R. Ritter.
A list of IPOs from 1975 – 2023 with multiple share classes outstanding as described in Appendix B of “Why Has IPO Underpricing Changed Over Time?” (co-authored with Tim Loughran).
All-star analyst coverage and spinning data as used in “The Economic Consequences of IPO Spinning” (co-authored with Xiaoding Liu) and “Local Underwriter Oligopolies and IPO Underpricing” (co-authored with Xiaoding Liu)
IPO Underwriter Reputation Rankings (1980 – 2023) Appendix C of “Why Has IPO Underpricing Changed Over Time?” (co-authored with Tim Loughran).
- The November 2014 issue of European Financial Management has an article by Katrin Migliorati and Silvio Vismara that gives rankings for European underwriters. An updated list can be found on the List of underwriters of European IPOs.
A list of internet IPOs (1990-2023) as described in Appendix D of “Why Has IPO Underpricing Changed Over Time?” (co-authored with Tim Loughran).
Monthly Number of IPOs and the average first-day return in “The Market’s Problems with the Pricing of Initial Public Offerings,” Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 1994, 66-74. This contains a listing, by month, of the number of IPOs and the average first day return. For January 1980-December 2023, this file contains a monthly measure of “hotness” of the IPO market: the percentage of deals that priced above the midpoint of the original file price range.
Big IPO Runups of 1975-2024
“Money Left on the Table in IPOs – by Firm”
Average first-day returns for 55 Countries.
- 2024 Update Table 1 of International IPO Underpricing updated March 2024
- Graph of average underpricing around the world.
The number of listed firms in the U.S. 1980-2023, by quarter.
Purged and unpurged Fama-French monthly factor returns from 1973-2003, updated, from the Loughran-Ritter 2000 JFE article “Uniformly Least Powerful Tests of Market Efficiency”
Jay Ritter’s 1975-1984 IPO Database
An Excel file of U.S. IPOs from 2000 to present can be found by clicking on “Track Record” at IPO Scoop.com
“Post-IPO Employment and Revenue Growth for U.S. IPOs, June 1996-2010,” with Martin Kenney and Donald Patton, Kauffman Foundation Report, May 2012.
- Employment growth after IPOs, as featured in the Wall Street Journal in October 2016. These figures are updated versions of the figures in the 2012 Kauffman Foundation report co-authored with Martin Kenney and Don Patton.
  - Aggregate employment of companies in each cohort
  - Aggregate employment of companies from all cohorts
Martin Kenney and Don Patton of the University of California, Davis have put together a database of emerging growth IPOs from 1990 through 2018, which is available by e-mailing Don Patton. The IPO firm database includes data extracted from each firm’s IPO prospectus including location of headquarters, state of incorporation, ticker symbol, offer price and shares offered, post-issue shares outstanding, company auditor, underwriter discount (gross spread), year of founding and firm SIC. A description can be found on the Kenney-Patton Firm and Management Database of Emerging Growth IPOs: 1990-2010 webpage. A second database containing the name, age, position, and biography of all managers and directors of these emerging growth IPOs is available from Kenney and Patton.
First-day returns categorized by the revision in the offer price from the file price range.
Gross spreads on IPOs, 1980-2022:
Chart
Allocation data (with names of institutional investors, indications of interest, and actual allocations) for 11 book building IPOs from 1997-2000 used in Table 7 of “Affiliated Mutual Funds and the Allocation of Initial Public Offerings” (Jay R. Ritter and Donghang Zhang) Journal of Financial Economics Vol. 86, No. 2 (November 2007), pp. 337-368.
Other data available by going back to IPO links.
Corrections to Security Data Company’s IPO database.
“IPOs from 1974 – 1975“

IPO Prospectures Since 1975: Courtesy of Graeme Howard and Todd Huxster. Graeme Howard published The IPO Reporter for many years. He and Todd Huxster have given me their collection of pre-EDGAR prospectuses for use by researchers.

SEO Data

Data (January 1970 – December 2015) for Number of Seasoned Equity Offerings (Follow-on Offerings)
Long-run returns in the five years after SEOs, 1970-2011, with returns through December 31, 2012.